Travel information on Security & Safety for visitors in Ethiopia

Category Archives: Nile

Calendars, Leap Year and Ancient Egypt

The new and unique Tesfa Calendar is coming out from the printers soon!

Calendar Cover page, Mequat Mariam at dawn

It runs from Sep 2023 – Aug 2024 (ie Ethiopian Year 2016) is now in its 17th year and is ready!  And since the 2014 edition it is printed on recycled paper!!!

The Tesfa Calendar is available again this year, with all the Ethiopian dates set into the western calendar so you can see what is coming up. Weaving the many saints days, annual festivals, fasting periods, Islamic holidays and various curiosities, and even the full moon dates has been a labour of love for 17 years now! Conscious of the environment for the 3rd year, we are printing this on recycled paper.

January page of the hanging calendar

January page of the calendar

The calendar has stunning photos that will make you want to get out of Addis, or fly over from where ever you have the calendar and see this beautiful country. The photos are taken from the Tesfa Community treks across the north of the country (the Agenda has photos from other additional places too).

 

The calendar comes in 2 versions:

  • Traditional hanging calendar, great in your kitchen or office -(29cm across ands 53cm down)- 12 months with 13 photos. 500birr donation
  • The Agenda or Diary format:- (approx 21cm x 15cm) in portrait format, has 1 week to a page and so 53 pages (52.14 weeks a year) – running from Monday to Sunday on one side on easy to write on paper, and with a photo to match on opposite page. 600 birr donation

    A page from the Agenda / diary

    A page from the Agenda / diary

We ask the donation to help support the Tesfa communities who have guesthouses around the country hosting visitors enabling them to walk through their beautiful landscapes.

Leap Years in the Ethiopian Calendar:

The Ethiopian calendar names the years in a 4 year procession, after the Evangelists- so this current year (2015) is a Lukas year and the coming year 2016 is a Yohannes year. At the end of a Lukas year there is an extra day in Pagumay – making it a 6 day ‘month’ which works like the 29th February in the western calendar. The effect for the coming 5 months is to knock the dates in the 2 calendars out of sync. So New Year in the Ethiopian Calendar will fall on 12th September in a Yohannes year (2016), Meskal on the 28th September, Gena (Ethiopian Christmas) – now that is more complicated – In Lalibela it shifts to the 8th January, but elsewhere in Ethiopia it remains on the 7th January (which means its on 28 Tahsas instead of the usual 29 Tahsas) – more on that later in the year! And the big one – Timkat will be on the 20 January. And around then of course all the big saints days such as Tsion Mariam are also going to shift – in this case from 30 November to 1 December. With the leap day on 29 February 2024 all the dates re-sync!  Confused?, then get your copy of this calendar or the Agenda.

The Origins of the Ethiopian Calendar:

As is so much in Ethiopian culture, the origin if the Ethiopian Calendar is shrouded in the mists of time. However it is very much the same as the ancient solar Coptic calendar from Egypt, which is the oldest in history.  It is believed that the famous Imhotep, the supreme official of King Djoser C.2670 B.C. played a part in the development of this calendar.

Nile flood waters at Giza

Nile flood waters at Giza by the Pyramids

Going further back the ancient Egyptians used a civil calendar based on a solar year that consisted of 365 days, without making any adjustment for the additional quarter of a day each year. Each year had 12 months and the heliacal rising of Sirius coincided with the highest point of river Nile flood at Memphis marking the first day of the year. The new year of the ancient Egyptians started on Meskerem 1 which is the date is an Ethiopian new year (which also signals the end of Noah’s flood). I’ve always enjoyed the fact that the Kremt rains in Ethiopia are what causes the Nile to flood, and marks the New year in Egypt – which became the New Year for Ethiopia too.

This ancient Egyptian Coptic solar calendar consisted of 12 x 30-day months with five extra festival days at the end of the year. This is the same concept as the Ethiopian Calendar -13 months, 12 of 30 days each and then Pagumay at the end of the year of 5

Deacons in Lalibela using Sistrum during a festival

or 6 days depending whether the year is a leap year or not. The new year starts on 11 September in the Gregorian Calendar (G.C.) or on the 12th in (Gregorian) Leap Years. The Coptic Leap Year follows the same rules as the Gregorian so that the extra month always has 6 days in a Gregorian Leap Year.

The connection between ancient Egypt and Ethiopia is unclear as the extent of territory connected to geographical names such as Nubia and Kush is debatable. However the calendar and artefacts such as the Sistrum have crossed between ancient Egypt and Ethiopia so it would seem that there was a significant cultural contact.

Get your copy of this Tesfa Calendar or Diary /Agenda and see all the upcoming dates for yourself.

To order your calendar contact Tesfa Tours 011 124 5178 / 092 349 0495, or email calendar@tesfatours.com

Our office is at Kebena, but other places around town will have copies too – contact us for more details.

 

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Kremt Season – The Ethiopian Monsoon

Rain storm approaches in mountains of Tigray

Rain storm approaches in mountains of Tigray

When is the Kremt?

The Ethiopian highlands get drenched each year from late June through September. In Addis the rains are heavy and start early and end late finally finishing at the start of October. But by mid to late September the rain becomes noticeably lighter and less frequent. Further north they might not kick in till mid July and tend to fizzle out a bit earlier in September.

Visiting Ethiopia during the Kremt

People ask about visiting Ethiopia during this Kremt season. For people living in Addis Ababa, looking for an escape from the cold and wet weather the best advice is to go to somewhere lower in

Kremt Rain Addis

Kremt rains in Addis  

altitude. Take a break from Addis by visiting Bahir Dar or Arba Minch. Or just head into the Rift Valley, as even the 50km drive to Bishoftu gives you a change in climate. Yes it’s still rains, but the rain storms are shorter lived with more blue sky between, and temperatures are a good deal higher than in Addis.

If the Kremt is your time to visit Ethiopia, don’t worry most places are still good to visit. You just need to be prepared that a rainstorm might track through and you will be sitting in a cafe, chatting to people waiting for the weather to clear. So don’t try to pack too much into one day but give yourself a little bit of extra time. And of course do pack the right clothes (it will be cooler and rain jackets are  needed – and maybe an umbrella!).  Of course the high mountains with moorland at around 4,000 meters altitude are perhaps not the best places to go. Particularly in the

Blue Nile Falls

Blue Nile Falls

Simien mountains where you could be in cloud and driving rain for very long periods of time. But it may still be worth spending a night at the lodge for the probability of clear skies early in the morning and amazing views. Some of our community treks are not advisable at this time and we close at a number of guest houses. However Lalibela, Gondar and Bahir Dar are well worth visiting at this time. Indeed by August the Blue Nile Falls – locally known as Tissisat are really pumping. Harar to the east, and many places in the south are also great to see in the rainy season. In fact in the far southwest, in the

Meket Shepherd boy with whip

Meket Shepherd boy with whip

Omo Valley July and August are not even rainy season.

Festivals in the Kremt 

There are also some key festivals to look out for in August. The Buhe/Ashenda festival time comes in late August. Buhe is celebrated in Addis on 19 August with the Debre Tabor holiday marking Jesus’ Transfiguration. Special bread is baked, and there is singing and dancing around campfires. A few days later, Ashenda is celebrated as the two week long Filsetta Fast ends. This is mostly a women’s day where they dress up often with skirts of grass and dance and sing, but in some areas such as around Lalibela and Meket, boys will have a contest to see who can make the loudest whip crack.

What is the Kremt?

Trading routes used by dhows in the Indian Ocean and the monsoon

Trading routes used by dhows and the monsoon

So is the Kremt season really a monsoon? Technically yes, this rain is driven by the same global patterns that drive India’s monsoon. There is a kind of climatic equator where the Southern and Northern Hemisphere’s meet called the Inter-

Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) . This was the phenomenon that causes the doldrums sailors used to fear. In July-September this band moves north, far north into Asia and it also moves north of the Horn of Africa. Behind it it pulls up winds that blow broadly north from the Indian Ocean, and these moisture ladened winds soak the Ethiopian highlands with life giving rains.

This monsoon even has an effect on Oman’s east coast with the Dhofar mountains getting a good soaking in the same period, before returning to the usual dry arid climate. Along Africa’s east coast trading Dhows used this shift in winds to sail north the July-Sept and as the ITCZ shifts south from October, so the winds would switch allowing sailors to take their shows as far south as Madagascar. Zanzibar was off course a key port and trading centre in this international traffic, with its fabled spices. It was in fact part of the Sultanate of Oman.

The Kremt and the Origin of Ethiopia’s Calendar

Nile flood waters at Giza

Nile flood waters at Giza

Ethiopia’s Kremt rains have also had a huge effect on Egypt. Ancient Egyptians relied upon the Nile’s floodwaters to reinvigorate the lands beside the Nile and so allow them to plant a crop as the floodwaters receded. For them the flood was a renewal. The ancient Egyptian New Year started when the Nile began to flood. And it is no surprise that this flood was due to the deluge in the highlands of Ethiopia, most of the water from which makes its way into the Nile basin. And in an ironic exchange Ethiopia has taken the basic timeframe of the Egyptian calendar for itself. The Ethiopian New Year which is currently on the 11th of September each year is derived from the ancient Egyptian New Year. Over the many thousands of years the date has slipped back from mid August when the flooding starts.

So whether you live in Ethiopia and are wondering if you have to endure endless weeks of rain in Addis, or you are considering to visit Ethiopia and are wondering if the rainy season is an OK time to see this marvellous country, please talk to us as Tesfa Tours and we can ensure you see some blue skies, get some sunshine and experience the best of Ethiopia.

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Driving the Backroads of Ethiopia – The Ambas

Day 3. Sat 29 September 2018

View from the air of some of the guesthouses on Mekdela

Arial view of some of the guesthouses on Mekdela

Mekdela to Gishen Mariam

I woke up suffering. The tukul was surrounded by tall pretty grasses going to seed, which had set off my hay fever. I popped a pill, took the eye drops and decided to fly the drone before the wind picked up. I got a few good photos and then one bad crash. Repairs now needed!

Sevastapol canon on Mekdela

Dawit and I with Sevastopol.

We set off early, no tea or breakfast possible, to the north end of the Amba to the big gun – or mortar – that was called Sevastapol. This short stumpy cannon weighing some 6-8 tons was dragged from its

foundation in Gafat (near Debre Tabor) to Mekdela (several hundred km) an epic feat in itself. It was fired once before it cracked.

 

It now or stands sadly surrounded by a corrugated fence. There is a smaller cannon too on the western side of Mekdela it’s of similar design just maybe 1/4 the size.

 

Statue of Tewedros in Tenta

Looking over the gorges to the south you had to wonder on the stupidity of Victorian Britain, to send an army to punish the Ethiopian ruler for kidnapping a British Consul and a few missionaries.

 

On 13th April 1968 Atse (to use his Ethiopian title) Tewedros shot himself with a pistol sent as a gift from Queen Victoria. This swiftly ended the campaign led by General Napier; but at what cost and with nothing strategic achieved? ?

 

Hopefully the community can up the service level and get more visitors. I will be sending intrepid tourists there as its a great place for people to visit.

Bashalo river gorge

We had a much needed brunch when we dropped our team in Adjbar. Never has a sweet macchiato tasted sooo good. I needed two with the ubiquitous tibs, made more breakfast like by adding scrambled egg.

The road to Gishen took us down into the Bashalo river, locally called the Tukur Abay (Black Nile). A deep gorge with a fast flowing river.

We drove for a lovely 10 minutes on smooth asphalt before turning off to Gishen on a rough dirt road. Someway up we came to a snaking line of vehicles. Wow!

 

Traffic queue on road to Gishen

Instead, you will be proud that you have done so once you see the buy generic cialis http://djpaulkom.tv/crakd-this-stripper-gets-down-and-dirty-ratchet-with-it/ positive results. This is no longer a taboo subject and can happen to any age person but mostly it happens to the elders in the family due levitra professional online to weakness of aging. This major structural work of find over here cialis prescription online steel was finally finished in July 1982. There order generic viagra are side effects associated with ED prescription drugs. This was many kilometres before Amba. We could see the line of stopped vehicles going way up. I decided to walk. Dawit agreed to keep the Landy below the last vehicles so we didn’t get blocked in and I set off at the fastest pace I could. I stride past the continuous train of vehicles. Converted Isuzu buses, pick ups, Izuzu trucks, minibuses, landcruisers;- incredible!

 

Pilgrims were walking up with me, but none to go up & down as I was.  I passed an old friend, I passed people from Addis and Dessie, I passed diaspora Ethiopians with an American accent. In fact I passed tens of thousands of Ethiopians, all amazed at my being there and heading up alone.

Pilgrims pass priest collecting donations

There were stalls beside the road selling all kinds of refreshments and groups of priests with megaphones, crosses and icons looking for donations. There were mule men calling out for passers by to hire their mules, and the odd Bahaj (tuktuk) trying to tour for business.

The line of vehicles went on and on. Local policemen, I guess drafted in from nearby towns, tried to make sense of it all. Slowly smaller vehicles were shunted up, and on a few stretches of steep road where bigger vehicles had got stuck, one by one all vehicles were moved up. A few smart 4WD vehicles found spots to park off the road and set up camp.

Line of buses under Gishen Amba

As I got nearer to the top there were a few steep short cuts that pilgrims climbed up to avoid the road, and I thought I was there. The top of the Amba seemed some 50 m above me. There was a field like car park jammed with every kind of vehicle, and numerous stalls. I noted cactus fruit – Beles- for sale but I pushed on. It had taken me about 90 minutes already; and I had to get back to the Landy and drive on to Lalibela. To my surprise the snake of vehicles continued and someway on a snaking line of walking pilgrims followed a parallel footpath just above the road below the Amba’s top. I walked in as briskly as I could, overtaking the pilgrims while attendants from the church encouraged the walkers to ululate.

Another mass of parked buses beneath Mekdela

 

I could see the line of vehicles ended in another car park area, and at the same time the line of on foot pilgrims was backing up by a steep ascent. Without a queue I was 5 minutes from the top, but with this queue it could take half an hour or more and there was no way to get back down.

Crowds massed on narrow paths

I had to give up and turn round. It started raining at that point. I feared for the whole event if it the road and paths became muddy.

On my way down I tried to calculate

Atse Tewedros stickers and national flags

the vehicle numbers. I guessed at least 3 thousand. With that there would be over 100,000 pilgrims trying to pack into the Amba?!

On my way down I some friends but in the whole time I didn’t see any non Ethiopians. I reached Dawit; he’d cleverly kept himself from being blocked in. It was 4pm, I’d walked for some 3 hours. So the queue must have been at least a 7km queue!

We set off back down to the Bashilo river, passing many more pilgrims on foot and

The Jitta Gorge

in vehicles. The next night was the eve of the Mariam festival when everyone would want to be on the Amba, so goodness knows how many more we’re on their way!

After a few minutes of lovely asphalt we turned north up out of the river valley and snaked our way up to over 3,000 meters and Wegel Tena. It was late in the day and we still had another gorge to cross so we pushed on and down into the Jitta gorge, and up in the fading light to Wadla woreda and the ‘town’ of Kon. It was some of the worst road. Rough, rutted and crenelated! From Kon it was a short distance to the crossroads town of Gashena. Here the Lalibela road meets the east west road that links Weldiya with Werota, a small town on the shores of Lake Tana between Gondar and Bahir Dar. I knew the place well as it’s the centre of the Tesfa Community trekking area in Meket but the road to Lalibela was in the process of being asphalted. Some bits were a mess, other bits smooth tarmac. We reached Lalibela just before 8pm, and after securing our rooms I headed to Ben Abeba to meet my clients who’d eaten dinner there. Several cold beers and a shepherds pie later I felt revived, and ready for the next days road trip.

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